BUENOS AIRES, Argentina (AP) — Argentina's Congress on Thursday approved a bill promoted by libertarian President Javier Milei that eases protections on glaciers to facilitate investments in mining for metals — a move that environmental groups vow to challenge in courts.
The legislation, approved by the Senate in February, was passed with 137 votes in favor, 111 against and three abstentions.
According to mining sector estimates, the new regulatory framework could unlock over $30 billion in investments over the next decade. Approximately 70% of those funds are slated for new copper, gold and silver projects.
Milei is expected to sign the legislation in the coming days.
On his X account, Milei shared a statement from his party hailing the new framework as a “significant improvement” that will help “strike a balance between environmental protection and economic development, moving away from an approach that tended to stifle investment, job creation and growth.”
Environmental advocates are shifting to legal action to prevent the law from taking effect.
Groups including Greenpeace and the Environment and Natural Resources Foundation are organizing a public class-action lawsuit describing the bill’s passage as a flawed process that dismissed public concerns over water safety.
“If they refuse to listen in Congress, they will be forced to listen in the courts,” the organizations said in a statement, urging citizens to join a lawsuit that argues the reform threatens water access and the fragile ecosystems surrounding glaciers.
Opposition lawmakers have labeled the legislation unconstitutional, contending that it rolls back essential environmental protections.
Mining Secretary Luis Lucero told a local radio station that the previous regulation featured “absolute prohibitions without room for exceptions or environmental impact studies.” He noted that the rigid rules and imprecise definitions of “protected areas” discouraged investment in large-scale mining projects, which typically require investments of up to $3 billion.
In 2010, Argentina passed a landmark law banning all mining activity on glaciers and within periglacial zones — areas of frozen ground that act as vital water regulators.
The most significant shift in the Milei administration’s reform is a narrowing of these protections. Under the new framework, only glaciers and land forms with “specific hydrological functions” would be shielded, with each province responsible for making that determination.
Argentina is home to 16,968 glaciers distributed across the Andes Mountain Range and the South Atlantic Islands, covering a total surface area of 8,484 square kilometers (3,276 square miles).
Glaciology experts have warned that climate change is already causing glaciers to retreat at an accelerated pace. Scientists caution that weakening these protections could jeopardize water security in arid regions and deplete the reserves that sustain river flows.
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