Large swaths of the country are being hit with a mixture of low temperatures and rising wind, leaving many vulnerable to potential frostbite.
Frostbite, an injury that results from freezing of the skin and underlying tissues, can occur within minutes and potentially cause irreversible damage, according to the Mayo Clinic.
The Clinic also notes that frostbite occurs when the body’s survival mechanisms kick in when faced with freezing temperatures. The body attempts to protect its vital organs by cutting off blood circulation to extremities, which could lead them to freeze.
Before frostbite sets in, people will experience frostnip, a cold feeling that is followed by numbness in extremities. As the frostnip gets worse, the affected skin may change color and become hard.
Temperatures need to be below freezing, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit, to experience frostbite, so here’s what you should know to avoid the danger of the cold.
The National Weather Service says that to protect yourself from cold weather, you should stay dry, as wet clothing leads to a rapid loss of heat. Wearing waterproof clothing or footwear could save you from dangerously cold temperatures.
On top of that, the NWS says to dress in layers to protect yourself. Throwing on an extra shirt, socks, or pair of pants can help your body retain its heat.
Limiting the amount of exposed skin you have is also crucial, as around half of the body’s heat is lost if the head is exposed.
If you’re worried that things are turning for the worse, signs of frostbite include the formation of ice crystals on your skin, redness, and pain in the area of the exposed skin. Numbness and a firm or waxy feeling are also signs.
Lastly, the NWS warns to stay informed about weather patterns. Knowing what temperatures will be can help you be prepared to fight the dangers of the cold.
To do so, the NWS says to be aware of not only the outside temperature but also the wind. Wind chill, or how cold the air feels on your skin, can make conditions far more dangerous and bring a greater risk of things like frostbite.
If you think you have suffered frostbite, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.