There have been a variety of pies and cobblers for thousands of years, but the peach cobbler is distinctly tied to early European settlers in America. As Americans moved into the West and settled the frontier, fruit was often difficult to find. Fruit cobblers became popular dishes for breakfast as well as dessert, because they were simple and easy to make. In the mid-1800s, as westward expansion in America took off, that peach cobbler rose in popularity.
Peach Cobbler Day was established in the 1950's by the Georgia Peach Council for early April as an attempt to promote sales of canned peaches, since peaches aren't in season this time of year.